Cichlids are captivating freshwater fish that bring vibrant colors, unique behaviors, and endless diversity to your aquarium. Found primarily in Africa, South America, and parts of Asia, these fish offer a wide range of options for aquarium enthusiasts. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced aquarist, there’s a cichlid species that will suit your aquarium’s size, water conditions, and aesthetic.
This detailed guide explores 40 stunning cichlid species, providing in-depth information about their appearance, care requirements, and compatibility to help you make the best choice for your aquarium.
1. Angelfish (Pterophyllum spp.)
Angelfish are one of the most recognizable cichlids, known for their elegant, triangular bodies and long, flowing fins. These fish come in various colors, including silver, gold, and marble patterns.
- Origin: South America (Amazon River basin)
- Size: 6–8 inches
- Care Level: Moderate
- Temperament: Semi-aggressive
- Tank Requirements: Angelfish thrive in tall tanks with a minimum of 20 gallons per fish. They prefer slightly acidic water (pH 6.5–7.5) with temperatures of 76–82°F.
Angelfish are peaceful when young but can become territorial as they mature, especially during breeding. They are best kept with other calm species like tetras or corydoras.
2. Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus)
Oscars are large, intelligent cichlids known for their playful personalities and striking colors, often featuring black bodies with vibrant orange or red patterns.
- Origin: South America
- Size: Up to 14 inches
- Care Level: Advanced
- Temperament: Aggressive
- Tank Requirements: Oscars need spacious tanks of at least 75 gallons, with strong filtration due to their heavy bio-load. The ideal water temperature is 74–81°F, and they prefer slightly acidic to neutral water.
Oscars can recognize their owners and are fun to interact with, but their aggression means they should be kept with other large, robust fish.
3. Electric Yellow Lab (Labidochromis caeruleus)
This bright yellow cichlid adds a pop of color to any tank. Its peaceful temperament makes it one of the most beginner-friendly African cichlids.
- Origin: Lake Malawi, Africa
- Size: 4–5 inches
- Care Level: Easy
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Tank Requirements: These cichlids thrive in tanks with rocky setups mimicking Lake Malawi’s natural habitat. Keep water alkaline (pH 7.5–8.5) and maintain a temperature of 74–82°F.
Electric Yellow Labs can live in groups and are compatible with other non-aggressive Malawi cichlids.
4. Peacock Cichlid (Aulonocara spp.)
Peacock cichlids are prized for their radiant colors, ranging from electric blues to fiery reds. Males are particularly stunning, while females are more subdued in appearance.
- Origin: Lake Malawi, Africa
- Size: 4–6 inches
- Care Level: Moderate
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Tank Requirements: They require at least 55 gallons of water with a sandy substrate and plenty of hiding spaces. Ideal water conditions include a pH of 7.5–8.5 and temperatures of 76–82°F.
Peacocks are less aggressive than many other cichlids, making them a great choice for community tanks.
5. Jack Dempsey (Rocio octofasciata)
The Jack Dempsey is a hardy, robust cichlid named after the famous boxer due to its feisty nature. Its shimmering blue and green scales make it a standout in any aquarium.
- Origin: Central America
- Size: 10–12 inches
- Care Level: Moderate
- Temperament: Aggressive
- Tank Requirements: A 55-gallon tank is the minimum for a single Jack Dempsey. These fish thrive in water with a pH of 6.5–8.0 and temperatures of 72–86°F.
Jack Dempseys can coexist with other large, aggressive cichlids if given enough space to establish territories.
6. Convict Cichlid (Amatitlania nigrofasciata)
Convict cichlids are named for their bold black and white stripes, resembling a prison uniform. They are small but highly territorial, especially during breeding.
- Origin: Central America
- Size: 4–5 inches
- Care Level: Easy
- Temperament: Aggressive
- Tank Requirements: These cichlids do well in tanks of at least 30 gallons with plenty of hiding spots. Maintain a water temperature of 72–82°F and a pH of 6.5–8.0.
Convicts are ideal for beginners who want to observe cichlid breeding behavior, as they are prolific spawners.
7. Frontosa (Cyphotilapia frontosa)
Frontosa cichlids are majestic fish from Lake Tanganyika, recognized by their pronounced hump and striped body. They are slow-growing but can live for decades.
- Origin: Lake Tanganyika, Africa
- Size: Up to 12 inches
- Care Level: Advanced
- Temperament: Peaceful (for a cichlid)
- Tank Requirements: These fish need large tanks (at least 75 gallons) with alkaline water (pH 8.0–9.0) and a temperature range of 74–80°F.
Frontosas are best kept in species-only tanks or with other gentle Tanganyikan cichlids.
8. Flowerhorn Cichlid
The Flowerhorn is a man-made hybrid known for its unique, bulbous head and vibrant colors. They are bold, intelligent, and full of personality.
- Origin: Hybrid species
- Size: Up to 16 inches
- Care Level: Advanced
- Temperament: Highly aggressive
- Tank Requirements: A single Flowerhorn requires at least 75 gallons of water. Keep the water temperature at 80–85°F with a neutral pH of 7.0–7.5.
Flowerhorns are best kept alone due to their aggression but make for an impressive showpiece in a large tank.
9. Kribensis (Pelvicachromis pulcher)
Kribensis, or “Kribs,” are small, colorful cichlids that are peaceful and easy to care for, making them a favorite for beginners.
- Origin: West Africa
- Size: 3–4 inches
- Care Level: Easy
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Tank Requirements: A 20-gallon tank with soft, slightly acidic water (pH 6.0–7.5) and a temperature of 75–80°F is ideal.
Kribs are highly adaptable and can coexist with small community fish, though they may become territorial during breeding.
10. Discus (Symphysodon spp.)
Discus are often called the “king of the aquarium” due to their stunning appearance and graceful swimming. These fish are demanding but worth the effort for dedicated aquarists.
- Origin: South America (Amazon River basin)
- Size: 8–10 inches
- Care Level: Advanced
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Tank Requirements: Discus require pristine water conditions, with temperatures between 82–86°F and a pH of 6.0–7.0. They thrive in groups in tanks of at least 75 gallons.
Discus are sensitive to changes in water quality and are best kept in species-only tanks or with other calm fish.
11. Ram Cichlid (Mikrogeophagus ramirezi)
Ram cichlids are small, peaceful fish admired for their stunning colors, especially the vibrant blues and golds found in many variations.
- Origin: South America
- Size: 2–3 inches
- Care Level: Moderate
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Tank Requirements: A minimum of 20 gallons with warm water (78–85°F) and a pH range of 5.5–7.0 is ideal. Rams appreciate a well-planted tank with plenty of hiding spots.
These cichlids are excellent for community tanks and can coexist with non-aggressive tank mates like neon tetras and dwarf gouramis.
12. Texas Cichlid (Herichthys cyanoguttatus)
The Texas cichlid is one of the few cichlid species native to North America. Its iridescent blue and green spots give it a striking appearance.
- Origin: North America (Texas and northern Mexico)
- Size: Up to 12 inches
- Care Level: Moderate
- Temperament: Aggressive
- Tank Requirements: A 55-gallon tank is the minimum, with water temperatures of 72–86°F and a pH of 6.5–8.0. Provide plenty of space and hiding spots to reduce aggression.
Texas cichlids are bold and territorial, often best kept with other large, aggressive fish in spacious tanks.
13. Blue Acara (Andinoacara pulcher)
The Blue Acara is a calm yet colorful species, featuring metallic blue scales and a peaceful demeanor compared to many other cichlids.
- Origin: Central and South America
- Size: 6–8 inches
- Care Level: Easy
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Tank Requirements: A 30-gallon tank with a sandy substrate and plants is suitable. They thrive in water with a pH of 6.0–7.5 and temperatures of 72–82°F.
Blue Acaras are community-friendly and can coexist with other peaceful to moderately aggressive tank mates.
14. Firemouth Cichlid (Thorichthys meeki)
Named for the fiery red coloration on its throat, the Firemouth cichlid is both beautiful and relatively easy to care for.
- Origin: Central America
- Size: 5–6 inches
- Care Level: Easy
- Temperament: Semi-aggressive
- Tank Requirements: Firemouths need a 30-gallon tank or larger with plenty of hiding places. Maintain water temperatures of 75–86°F and a pH of 6.5–8.0.
While generally peaceful, Firemouths can become aggressive during breeding or when defending their territory.
15. Mbuna Cichlids (Various Species)
Mbuna are a group of rock-dwelling cichlids from Lake Malawi. Known for their vibrant colors, these fish are active and full of personality.
- Origin: Lake Malawi, Africa
- Size: 4–6 inches
- Care Level: Moderate
- Temperament: Aggressive
- Tank Requirements: A 55-gallon tank with rocks and caves is essential. Mbuna require alkaline water (pH 7.5–8.5) and temperatures of 74–82°F.
Mbuna are best kept in species-specific tanks with multiple individuals to distribute aggression evenly.
16. Jewel Cichlid (Hemichromis bimaculatus)
Jewel cichlids are stunningly beautiful with their bright red coloration and iridescent blue spots.
- Origin: West Africa
- Size: 5–6 inches
- Care Level: Moderate
- Temperament: Aggressive
- Tank Requirements: A 40-gallon tank with plenty of plants and hiding spots is recommended. Maintain a pH of 6.5–7.5 and water temperatures of 75–80°F.
Jewel cichlids are highly territorial, especially during breeding, and are best kept with other robust fish.
17. Green Terror (Andinoacara rivulatus)
Despite its intimidating name, the Green Terror is a stunning fish with metallic green and orange highlights.
- Origin: South America
- Size: 8–12 inches
- Care Level: Moderate
- Temperament: Aggressive
- Tank Requirements: A 55-gallon tank or larger with robust decorations and hiding spots is necessary. Water temperatures of 72–82°F and a pH of 6.5–8.0 are ideal.
Green Terrors are best housed with other large, aggressive cichlids in a well-spaced tank.
18. Apistogramma (Apistogramma spp.)
Apistogrammas, or dwarf cichlids, are small, colorful fish with a peaceful temperament, making them ideal for smaller tanks.
- Origin: South America
- Size: 2–3 inches
- Care Level: Moderate
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Tank Requirements: A 20-gallon tank with soft, acidic water (pH 5.5–7.0) and temperatures of 72–82°F is recommended.
Apistogrammas thrive in heavily planted tanks and are suitable for community setups with small, non-aggressive species.
19. Lemon Cichlid (Neolamprologus leleupi)
The Lemon Cichlid is a bright yellow species native to Lake Tanganyika. Its striking color adds vibrancy to any aquarium.
- Origin: Lake Tanganyika, Africa
- Size: 4–5 inches
- Care Level: Moderate
- Temperament: Semi-aggressive
- Tank Requirements: A 30-gallon tank with rocky décor is ideal. Maintain water conditions with a pH of 7.5–9.0 and temperatures of 75–80°F.
Lemon cichlids are best kept with other Tanganyikan species in a species-specific or biotope tank.
20. Parrot Cichlid (Hybrid Species)
Parrot cichlids are hybrid fish with unique, rounded bodies and vivid colors, often in shades of orange, red, and yellow.
- Origin: Hybrid species
- Size: 6–8 inches
- Care Level: Moderate
- Temperament: Semi-aggressive
- Tank Requirements: A 55-gallon tank or larger with water temperatures of 76–80°F and a pH of 6.5–7.5 is ideal.
These hybrids are bred for their aesthetic appeal and thrive in community tanks with other semi-aggressive fish.
21. Peacock Cichlid (Aulonocara spp.)
Peacock cichlids are among the most popular cichlid species, known for their dazzling array of colors that resemble the feathers of a peacock.
- Origin: Lake Malawi, Africa
- Size: 4–6 inches
- Care Level: Easy
- Temperament: Peaceful (compared to other African cichlids)
- Tank Requirements: A 55-gallon tank with sandy substrate and plenty of open swimming areas is ideal. Maintain water temperatures of 76–82°F and a pH of 7.5–8.5.
Peacock cichlids are relatively peaceful, making them suitable for community tanks with other mild-mannered African cichlids.
22. Oscar Cichlid (Astronotus ocellatus)
Oscar cichlids are large, intelligent fish that form strong bonds with their owners. Their striking coloration and dynamic personalities make them a favorite among aquarists.
- Origin: South America
- Size: 10–16 inches
- Care Level: Moderate
- Temperament: Semi-aggressive
- Tank Requirements: A 75-gallon tank or larger is essential due to their size. Oscars thrive in water temperatures of 74–81°F with a pH of 6.5–7.5.
Oscars are best kept with other large, non-aggressive fish in spacious tanks. They can also recognize their owners and learn to take food directly from their hands.
23. Bolivian Ram (Mikrogeophagus altispinosus)
The Bolivian Ram is a peaceful and hardy cichlid, making it a great choice for beginner aquarists.
- Origin: South America
- Size: 2–3 inches
- Care Level: Easy
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Tank Requirements: A 20-gallon tank with live plants, soft substrate, and driftwood is recommended. Maintain water temperatures of 72–79°F and a pH of 6.0–7.5.
Bolivian Rams are ideal for community tanks and can coexist with other peaceful fish like tetras and guppies.
24. Convict Cichlid (Amatitlania nigrofasciata)
Convict cichlids are a striking species with black and white vertical stripes and a reputation for being hardy and easy to breed.
- Origin: Central America
- Size: 4–5 inches
- Care Level: Easy
- Temperament: Aggressive
- Tank Requirements: A 30-gallon tank with caves and hiding spots is suitable. Maintain water temperatures of 74–82°F and a pH of 6.5–8.0.
Convict cichlids are highly territorial, especially during breeding, and are best housed with other aggressive fish.
25. Frontosa Cichlid (Cyphotilapia frontosa)
The Frontosa cichlid is a regal species from Lake Tanganyika, recognized for its distinct hump on its forehead and striking blue and black stripes.
- Origin: Lake Tanganyika, Africa
- Size: 10–14 inches
- Care Level: Moderate
- Temperament: Peaceful (for its size)
- Tank Requirements: A 125-gallon tank with rocky décor is necessary for this large fish. Maintain water temperatures of 74–80°F and a pH of 7.5–9.0.
Frontosas are slow-growing but live long lives, making them a rewarding addition for experienced aquarists.
26. Kribensis (Pelvicachromis pulcher)
Kribensis, or “Kribs,” are small, brightly colored cichlids perfect for beginners looking to add a splash of color to their tank.
- Origin: West Africa
- Size: 3–4 inches
- Care Level: Easy
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Tank Requirements: A 20-gallon tank with a sandy substrate and hiding spots is suitable. Maintain water temperatures of 75–79°F and a pH of 6.0–8.0.
Kribs are excellent parents and easy to breed, often showing fascinating care behaviors toward their fry.
27. Yellow Lab Cichlid (Labidochromis caeruleus)
The Yellow Lab is a popular African cichlid with its vivid yellow coloration and relatively peaceful nature.
- Origin: Lake Malawi, Africa
- Size: 4–5 inches
- Care Level: Easy
- Temperament: Peaceful (for an African cichlid)
- Tank Requirements: A 30-gallon tank with rocks and caves is ideal. Maintain water temperatures of 74–82°F and a pH of 7.8–8.6.
Yellow Labs are a great choice for beginners interested in African cichlids due to their hardiness and compatibility with other peaceful species.
28. Discus Cichlid (Symphysodon spp.)
Discus cichlids are among the most visually stunning fish in the aquarium hobby, with their rounded bodies and vibrant patterns.
- Origin: South America (Amazon River)
- Size: 6–8 inches
- Care Level: Difficult
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Tank Requirements: A 55-gallon tank with soft, acidic water (pH 5.0–6.5) and temperatures of 82–86°F is essential.
Discus require pristine water conditions and frequent maintenance, making them a challenging but rewarding species for experienced aquarists.
29. Jewel Cichlid (Hemichromis spp.)
Jewel cichlids are named for their shimmering, jewel-like scales that catch the light beautifully, making them a striking addition to aquariums.
- Origin: West Africa
- Size: 5–6 inches
- Care Level: Moderate
- Temperament: Aggressive
- Tank Requirements: A 40-gallon tank with plenty of hiding spots and a sandy substrate is ideal. Maintain water temperatures of 73–82°F and a pH of 6.5–7.5.
These fish are highly territorial and best kept in species-specific tanks or with robust, equally aggressive tank mates. Their vivid red and blue colors make them a favorite despite their feisty nature.
30. Keyhole Cichlid (Cleithracara maronii)
The Keyhole cichlid is a gentle, peaceful species named for the keyhole-shaped marking on its body.
- Origin: South America
- Size: 4–5 inches
- Care Level: Easy
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Tank Requirements: A 30-gallon tank with plants, driftwood, and soft substrate suits them well. Keep water temperatures at 75–79°F and a pH of 6.5–7.5.
Keyhole cichlids are shy and do best in calm, community tanks. Their understated beauty and calm demeanor make them ideal for beginners.
31. Sajica Cichlid (Cryptoheros sajica)
Sajica cichlids, also known as T-Bar cichlids, are small yet feisty fish with striking black “T” markings.
- Origin: Central America
- Size: 4–6 inches
- Care Level: Moderate
- Temperament: Semi-aggressive
- Tank Requirements: A 40-gallon tank with rocks and caves works well. Maintain water temperatures of 72–80°F and a pH of 6.5–7.5.
These fish are robust and relatively easy to breed, but they can be territorial, especially when raising fry.
32. Blue Acara (Andinoacara pulcher)
The Blue Acara is a shimmering species with metallic blue scales that glow under aquarium lighting.
- Origin: Central and South America
- Size: 6–8 inches
- Care Level: Easy
- Temperament: Semi-aggressive
- Tank Requirements: A 40-gallon tank with sandy substrate and live plants is ideal. Maintain water temperatures of 72–82°F and a pH of 6.5–7.5.
Blue Acaras are hardy and adaptable, making them a great choice for intermediate aquarists. They thrive in a peaceful community setup with other medium-sized fish.
33. Firemouth Cichlid (Thorichthys meeki)
The Firemouth cichlid is named for its fiery red throat and lower body, which it flares dramatically during displays of aggression or courtship.
- Origin: Central America
- Size: 5–6 inches
- Care Level: Moderate
- Temperament: Semi-aggressive
- Tank Requirements: A 30-gallon tank with sandy substrate and rocks for hiding spots. Maintain water temperatures of 75–86°F and a pH of 7.0–8.0.
Firemouths are territorial but relatively peaceful outside of breeding periods, making them suitable for well-planned community tanks.
34. Dwarf Flag Cichlid (Laetacara curviceps)
This small, peaceful cichlid is perfect for aquarists with limited space who want a colorful and easy-to-care-for species.
- Origin: South America
- Size: 2–3 inches
- Care Level: Easy
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Tank Requirements: A 20-gallon tank with plants and soft substrate is ideal. Maintain water temperatures of 72–79°F and a pH of 6.5–7.5.
Dwarf Flag cichlids are easy to breed and thrive in community tanks with similarly peaceful species.
35. Rainbow Cichlid (Herotilapia multispinosa)
The Rainbow cichlid lives up to its name with a vibrant blend of yellow, orange, and green hues.
- Origin: Central America
- Size: 4–6 inches
- Care Level: Easy
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Tank Requirements: A 30-gallon tank with rocks, driftwood, and plants is ideal. Maintain water temperatures of 74–80°F and a pH of 7.0–8.5.
Rainbow cichlids are adaptable and hardy, making them a great option for beginners. They’re peaceful enough to coexist with many other species.
36. Festivum Cichlid (Mesonauta festivus)
The Festivum cichlid is an elegant fish with a sleek body and subtle coloration, perfect for aquarists seeking a less flashy species.
- Origin: South America
- Size: 6–8 inches
- Care Level: Moderate
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Tank Requirements: A 40-gallon tank with vertical plants and driftwood mimics their natural environment. Maintain water temperatures of 75–82°F and a pH of 6.0–7.5.
Festivum cichlids are peaceful and do well in community setups with other non-aggressive species.
37. Buffalo Head Cichlid (Steatocranus casuarius)
Also called Lionhead cichlids, these fish are known for their distinct head shape and quirky behavior.
- Origin: Congo River Basin, Africa
- Size: 4–5 inches
- Care Level: Moderate
- Temperament: Semi-aggressive
- Tank Requirements: A 40-gallon tank with strong water currents and rocky décor is essential. Maintain water temperatures of 75–80°F and a pH of 6.5–7.5.
Buffalo Head cichlids prefer river-like conditions and thrive in well-aerated tanks with plenty of hiding spots.
38. Chocolate Cichlid (Hypselecara temporalis)
The Chocolate cichlid is a gentle giant with a rich, dark coloration and calm demeanor.
- Origin: South America
- Size: 8–12 inches
- Care Level: Moderate
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Tank Requirements: A 75-gallon tank with soft substrate and plants. Maintain water temperatures of 76–82°F and a pH of 6.0–7.5.
These fish are peaceful for their size and compatible with other calm, large species.
39. Texas Cichlid (Herichthys cyanoguttatus)
The Texas cichlid is one of the few cichlid species native to the U.S., sporting iridescent blue-green spots on its body.
- Origin: Texas and northern Mexico
- Size: 8–12 inches
- Care Level: Moderate
- Temperament: Aggressive
- Tank Requirements: A 75-gallon tank with rocks and caves for hiding. Maintain water temperatures of 70–75°F and a pH of 7.0–8.0.
Texas cichlids are highly territorial and best kept with equally robust species.
40. Mbuna Cichlids (Various Species)
Mbuna cichlids are a diverse group of rock-dwelling cichlids from Lake Malawi, known for their vivid colors and lively behavior.
- Origin: Lake Malawi, Africa
- Size: 3–5 inches
- Care Level: Moderate
- Temperament: Aggressive
- Tank Requirements: A 55-gallon tank with rocky décor and no plants (they may eat them). Maintain water temperatures of 75–82°F and a pH of 7.8–8.6.
Mbunas thrive in species-specific tanks with plenty of rocks to reduce territorial disputes.